StickyStomach

James Hull Cosmetic cosmetic dentistry

2006-07-18T08:35:00.000-07:00

Having recently moved to Birmingham and being completely passionate about my James Hull Cosmetic dental hygiene I was very pleased to find when searching online that there is a James Hull Dentists in Birmingham
. After booking my appointment my Dental Consultant offer me a range of treatments from Braces, Dental Veneers, cosmetic dentistry to Teeth Whitening. I overlooked the cosmetic dentistry but had the teeth whitening treatment which was has a new laser teeth whitening technology which is apparently the first in Birmingham. James Hull Dentists in Birmingham are centrally located and are without a doubt the best Cosmetic Dentists in Birmingham has to offer.

Cleveland

2005-11-18T21:35:00.000-08:00

City, seat (1836) of Bradley county, southeastern Tennessee, U.S., about 30 miles (50 km) northeast of Chattanooga. Established in 1836 following the agreement for the evacuation of the area by the Cherokee, the community was named for Colonel Benjamin Cleveland, a hero of the American Revolution. During the American Civil War, Union generals Ulysses S. Grant and William Tecumseh Sherman

Ma River

2005-08-08T23:15:00.000-07:00

Vietnamese Song Ma river, northern Vietnam, one of the longest of the region, rising in the northwest. It flows southeastward through Laos for about 50 miles (80 km), cutting gorges through uplands to reach the plains region at which northern Vietnam begins to narrow. The river enters the Gulf of Tonkin, 65 miles (105 km) south of Hanoi, after a course of 250 miles (400 km). Like the Red River (Song Hong) to the north, it

Qatar

2005-07-27T21:05:00.000-07:00

Comparative coverage with the other Persian Gulf states is provided by Helen Chapin Metz (ed.), Persian Gulf States: Country Studies, 3rd ed. (1994); F. Gregory Gause, III, Oil Monarchies: Domestic and Security Challenges in the Arab Gulf States (1994); Rosemarie Said Zahlan, The Making of the Modern Gulf States, rev. and updated ed. (1998); Khaldoun Hasan al-Naqeeb, Society and State in the Gulf and Arab Peninsula: A Different Perspective, trans. from Arabic (1990); and Michael Herb, All in the Family: Absolutism, Revolution, and Democracy in the Middle Eastern Monarchies (1999). Historical overviews are found in Frederick F. Anscombe, The Ottoman Gulf: The Creation of Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, and Qatar (1997); and Rosemarie Said Zahlan, The Creation of Qatar (1979). Sources on social conditions include Klaus Ferdinand, Bedouins of Qatar, trans. from Danish (1993); and Abeer Abu Saud, Qatari Women: Past and Present (1984). Ragaei El Mallakh, Qatar: Energy and Development (1985); and Zuhair Ahmed Nafi, Economic and Social Development in Qatar (1983), examine economic issues. Nathan J. Brown, The Rule of Law in the Arab World: Courts in Egypt and the Gulf (1997), is a study of the judicial system. An analysis of historical and contemporary politics is provided by Jill Crystal, Oil and Politics in the Gulf: Rulers and Merchants in Kuwait and Qatar, updated ed. (1995).

Pachacamac

2005-07-23T15:10:00.000-07:00

Large pre-Columbian ruin located in the Lurin Valley on the central coast of present-day Peru. The earliest major occupation and construction of Pachacamac dates to the Early Intermediate Period (c. 200 BC–AD 600) and to a culture generally known as Early Lima (Maranga, Interlocking style). The terraced adobe pyramid and temple known as the Temple of Pachacamac belongs to this time

Sortition

2005-07-08T00:35:00.000-07:00

Election by lot, a method of choosing public officials in some ancient Greek city-states. It was used especially in the Athenian democracy, from which most information about the practice is derived. With few exceptions, all magistrates were chosen by lot, beginning with the archons in 487–486 BC; likewise the Boule (council) of 500 and the juries of the law courts were chosen by lot.

Mcmurtry, Larry

2005-07-06T17:00:00.000-07:00

McMurtry was educated at North Texas State College (now University; B.A., 1958) and Rice University (M.A., 1960). He was an instructor at Texas Christian University (1961–62), a lecturer in English and creative writing

Folengo, Teofilo

2005-06-30T18:50:00.000-07:00

Folengo entered the Benedictine order as a young man, taking the name Teofilo by which he is known. He lived in the monasteries of Brescia, Mantua,

Faridpur

2005-06-23T01:10:00.000-07:00

City, central Bangladesh, on the west bank of the Mara (Dead) Padma stream, a tributary of the Padma. It serves as a rail terminus for the branch line connecting Goalundo Ghat with Calcutta and is linked by road with Kushtia, Meherpur, Khulna, Barisal, and Jessore. The city takes its name from the Muslim saint Farid-ud-Din Mas'ud, whose shrine is located there. Constituted a municipality

Athabasca River

2005-06-16T10:20:00.000-07:00

River in northern Alberta, Canada, forming the southernmost part of the Mackenzie River system. From its source in the Columbia Icefield (Canadian Rocky Mountains) near the Continental Divide, the river flows through Jasper National Park, site of the spectacular Athabasca Falls, northeastward across Alberta to its mouth and delta on Lake Athabasca. Its 765-mi (1,231-km) course

Düsseldorf

2005-06-01T13:55:00.000-07:00

Regierungsbezirk (administrative district), west-central North Rhine–Westphalia Land (state), western Germany. Düsseldorf is bordered by The Netherlands to the west and the Regierungsbezirke of Münster to the northeast, Arnsberg to the east, and Köln to the south. The district occupies an area of 2,042 square miles (5,288 square km) and consists of the northern portion of the larger

Kubera

2005-05-18T05:05:00.000-07:00

In Hindu mythology, the king of the yaksas (nature spirits) and the god of wealth. He is associated with the earth, mountains, all treasures such as minerals and jewels that lie underground, and riches in general. According to most accounts he first lived in Lanka (Sri Lanka), but his palace was taken away from him by his half brother, Ravana, and he now resides in a beautiful mountain

Terceira Island

2005-05-16T10:20:00.000-07:00

Portuguese Ilha Terceira, island, part of the Portuguese Azores archipelago, in the North Atlantic Ocean. It occupies an area of 153 square miles (397 square km). Terceira (The Third) was so called because it was the third island in the Azores to be discovered by the Portuguese. The chief town and port is Angra do Heroísmo, which was formerly capital of the Azores. The only other town of importance is Praia

Amman

2005-05-14T08:10:00.000-07:00

Its focus of settlement throughout history has been the small, high, triangular plateau (modern

Cimabue

2005-03-15T17:36:00.000-08:00

Original name �Bencivieni Di Pepo, modern �Italian �Benvenuto Di Giuseppe� painter and mosaicist, the last great Italian artist in the Byzantine style, which had dominated early medieval painting in Italy. Among his surviving works are the frescoes of New Testament scenes in the upper church of S. Francesco, Assisi; the �Sta. Trinita Madonna� (c. 1290; Uffizi, Florence); and the �Madonna Enthroned with St. Francis� (c. 1290 - 95; lower church

Hess, Victor Francis

2005-03-14T01:08:00.000-08:00

Educated at the University of Graz, Hess received his Ph.D. from the University of Vienna in 1906. His research

Chandela

2005-03-11T06:18:00.004-08:00

Also spelled �Candella, � Rajput clan of Gond origin that for some centuries ruled Bundelkhand in north-central India and fought against the early Muslim invaders. The first Chandela is thought to have ruled early in the 9th century AD. Chandela dominion extended from the River Jumna in the north to the region of Saugor (Sagar) and from the Dhasan River to the west to the Vindhya Hills. Their strongholds

Chandela

2005-03-11T06:18:00.003-08:00

Chandela

2005-03-11T06:18:00.002-08:00

Chandela

2005-03-11T06:18:00.001-08:00

Chandela

2005-03-11T06:18:00.000-08:00

Eindhoven

2005-03-04T11:11:00.000-08:00

Eindhoven was chartered in 1232 by Henry I, duke of Brabant. It developed after 1900 from a small village into one of the largest industrial centres of The Netherlands. In 1920 five adjoining municipalities were annexed, thereby increasing Eindhoven's

Rhizopod

2005-03-03T11:25:00.000-08:00

Any member of the protozoan superclass Rhizopoda. Three types of pseudopodia (cytoplasmic extensions) used in locomotion and digestion are found in members of this superclass: (1) long, thin reticulopodia, which fuse into a network; (2) nonfusing filopodia, similar to reticulopodia; and (3) blunt and fingerlike lobopodia (the pseudopodia formed by Amoeba). Tests (protective

Coimbra

2005-03-02T10:34:00.000-08:00

City, capital, and concelho (municipality), Coimbra district, north-central Portugal, on the northern bank of the Mondego River. A 4th-century Latin inscription identifies Coimbra with Aeminium, while Condeixa, 8 miles (13 km) southwest, was the ancient Conimbriga or Conimbrica. Aeminium was for more than a century a Moorish stronghold, but in 878 it was recaptured by Alfonso III

Asher Ben Jehiel

2005-03-01T16:57:00.000-08:00

When the German authorities began to persecute the Jews, Asher fled to France and then to Spain. With the help of Rabbi Solomon ben Adret, one of the most influential

Ear, Human, Detection of angular acceleration: dynamic equilibrium

2005-02-28T15:17:00.000-08:00

Because the three semicircular canals - superior, posterior, and horizontal - are positioned at right angles to one another, they are able to detect movements in three-dimensional space (see Anatomy of the human ear: Inner ear: Semicircular canals). When the head begins to rotate in any direction, the inertia of the endolymph causes it to lag behind, exerting pressure that

Ahmet Pasa Bursali

2005-02-27T16:07:00.000-08:00

Born into a prominent family, Ahmet Pasa received a classical Islamic education and was appointed as a teacher in the madrasah (religious college) in the city of Bursa. In 1451 he became judge of the city of Edirne. With the accession of Sultan Mehmet II (1451 - 81), he became qadi 'asker (�military

Holbach, Paul-henri Dietrich, Baron D'

2005-02-26T20:36:00.000-08:00

French encyclopaedist and philosopher, a celebrated exponent of atheism and Materialism, whose inherited wealth allowed him to entertain many of the noted philosophers of the day, some of whom (Comte de Buffon, J.-J. Rousseau, d'Alembert) reportedly withdrew from his gatherings, frightened by the audacity

Rob Roy

2005-02-25T02:52:00.000-08:00

Rob's father, Donald MacGregor, a younger

Earth, Paleomagnetism

2005-02-24T10:45:00.000-08:00

All rocks contain what is referred to as natural remanent magnetism. This property is due to magnetism acquired by iron-bearing minerals during the cooling and crystallization of an igneous rock, to the formation of iron-bearing minerals at low temperatures during the weathering of previously formed minerals, to the rotation of iron-bearing minerals during

Hypoxia

2005-02-23T09:30:00.000-08:00

Condition of the body in which the tissues are starved of oxygen. In its extreme form, where oxygen is entirely absent, the condition is called anoxia. There are four types of hypoxia: (1) the hypoxemic type, in which the oxygen pressure in the blood going to the tissues is too low to saturate the hemoglobin; (2) the anemic type, in which the amount of functional hemoglobin is too

Asian Games

2005-02-22T01:09:00.000-08:00

The first games were held in 1951 at New Delhi; from 1954 they were held every four years. Athletes from 11 nations participated in the inaugural

Density

2005-02-21T20:55:00.000-08:00

Mass of a unit volume of a material substance, expressed as kilograms per cubic metre in MKS or SI units; the densities of common solids, liquids, and gases are listed in textbooks and handbooks. Density offers a convenient means of obtaining the mass of a body from its volume or vice versa; the mass is equal to the volume multiplied by the density, while the volume is equal

Density

2005-02-20T14:43:00.000-08:00

Guinea

2005-02-18T15:05:00.000-08:00

The shortage

Catch-as-catch-can Wrestling

2005-02-16T10:51:00.000-08:00

Basic wrestling style in which nearly all holds and tactics are permitted in both upright and ground wrestling. Rules usually forbid only actions that may injure an opponent, such as strangling, kicking, gouging, and hitting with a closed fist. The object is to force the opponent into a position in which both shoulders touch the ground at the same time. Formerly known

Tribe

2005-02-15T00:58:00.000-08:00

Latin �Tribus, �plural �Tribi, � in Roman history, a unit of the Roman state. The first Roman tribes were probably ethnic in origin and consisted of the Titienses (Tities), Ramnenses (Ramnes), and Luceres. They were superseded by the creation of new local tribes (date uncertain) consisting of 4 urban tribes and 16 rural, or rustic, tribes. The latter were probably named after pagi (country districts) that were,

Tribe

2005-02-14T13:51:00.000-08:00

Boise

2005-02-13T07:06:00.000-08:00

Boise was named by early 19th-century French-Canadian trappers for the tree-lined river (French bois�, �wooded

Aerospace Industry, The first decade

2005-02-12T17:20:00.000-08:00

The origin of the aerospace industry dates to 1903 when Wilbur and Orville Wright demonstrated an airplane capable of powered, sustained flight (see Wright flyer of 1903). The Wright brothers' success was due to detailed research and an excellent engineering-and-development approach. Their breakthrough innovation was a pilot-operated warping (twisting) of the wings to provide

Vries, Adriaen De

2005-02-11T06:08:00.000-08:00

De Vries left his homeland, where there was little interest in sculpture at the time, and he never returned. In Florence he studied under Giambologna, the leading Italian Mannerist sculptor of his day. De Vries lived for a time in Rome and later worked for Charles Emmanuel, duke of Savoy, and as court sculptor

Air Warfare, Strategic bombing

2005-02-10T08:19:00.000-08:00

The importance of ECM in long-range bombing became apparent in 1972, when U.S. B-52 Stratofortresses struck targets in North Vietnam. By flying under escort at night and at about 30,000 feet, the B-52s were reasonably safe from MiG fighters and antiaircraft guns, and Wild Weasel and chaff-dropping aircraft helped suppress the SA-2s. But the most important ECM was provided by jammers built

Fashoda Incident

2005-02-09T20:47:00.000-08:00

The disputes arose from the common desire of each country to link up its disparate colonial possessions in Africa. Great Britain's aim was to link Uganda to Egypt by building a railway from the Cape of Good Hope to Cairo, while France, by pushing

Amami Great Island

2005-02-08T17:47:00.000-08:00

Japanese �Amami-o-shima, � largest island in the Amami chain of the northern Ryukyu Islands, in Kagoshima ken (prefecture), Japan. Most of the 274-square-mile (709-square-kilometre) island is mountainous and forested. A quasi-national park protects landscapes at the higher elevations. Mount Yuwan is the highest mountain at 2,276 feet (694 m). The lower, cultivated areas produce timber, sugarcane, and rice. A hydroelectric

Priene

2005-02-07T04:06:00.000-08:00

By the 8th century BC Priene was a member of the Ionian League, whose central shrine, the Panionion, lay within the city's territory. Priene

Outremeuse, Jean D'

2005-02-06T02:54:00.000-08:00

D'Outremeuse was no accurate

Peradeniya Botanic Gardens

2005-02-05T07:44:00.000-08:00

Botanical garden in Peradeniya, near Kandy, Sri Lanka, noted for its rich and varied collections of tropical woody plants. Occupying 59 hectares (146 acres), it has about 4,000 species of plants. The most important specimens of the garden include palms, some of which are planted in impressive avenues. Significant, too, are the collections of orchids, gymnosperms, and flowering

Arctic, Animals of the land and fresh water

2005-02-04T05:22:00.000-08:00

The typical and best-known Arctic land mammals and birds are those highly successful forms, most of them circumpolar in distribution, that survived the Pleistocene glaciations probably both south and north of the ice sheets: south along the ice perimeter and north in ice-free refuges such as northern Alaska, the Bering Strait (then dry land) and northeastern Siberia,

Bukittinggi

2005-02-03T15:10:00.000-08:00

Formerly �Fort De Kock, � city, Sumatera Barat provinsi (�province�), Sumatra, Indonesia. It lies at an elevation of 3,000 feet (900 m) on the Agam Plateau, a ridge of high land parallel to the coast. The city is in the Minangkabau country, one of the most scenic sections of Indonesia. Typical of the region are houses with saddle-shaped roofs, the ends pointing upward like buffalo horns. Bukittinggi is an important

Valdivia

2005-02-02T07:32:00.000-08:00

Capital of Valdivia provincia, Los Lagos regi�n, southern Chile. It lies at the confluence of the Callecalle and Cruces rivers, which there form the Valdivia River, 11 miles (18 km) from the Pacific Ocean. Although it was founded in 1552 and was a strategically significant outpost during the colonial era, Valdivia did not flourish until after the mid-19th century, when a large influx

Orange

2005-02-01T20:59:00.000-08:00

Town (township), New Haven county, southwestern Connecticut, U.S., west of New Haven on the Housatonic River. Originally a part of Milford colony (on land bought from the Paugusset Indians and settled in 1639), it was known as North Milford. In 1822 the latter joined with part of New Haven to be incorporated as the town of Orange, named for William III, prince of Orange. In 1921 West Haven seceded

Interior Design, Space planning

2005-01-31T00:45:00.000-08:00

Although many designers are engaged in residential interior design, there has been a marked shift away from that field since 1950, and more designers than ever work in the design of public, institutional, and commercial spaces. Space planning for business firms, governmental agencies, and institutions is a significant aspect of office design and is concerned primarily

Aesthetics, Emotion, response, and enjoyment

2005-01-30T13:07:00.000-08:00

It is natural to suppose that a spectator's response to King Lear is at least in part emotional, and that emotion plays a crucial role both in the enjoyment of art and in establishing the value of art. Moreover, it is not only art that stirs our emotions in the act of aesthetic attention: the same is or may be true of natural beauty whether that of a face or of a landscape. These

Andreini, Francesco

2005-01-28T03:05:00.000-08:00

Andreini began his career as a soldier but was captured by the Turks and held in slavery by them for several years. Upon his return to Italy,

Pittsburgh Glass

2005-01-27T09:05:00.000-08:00

American glassware produced from the end of the 18th century at numerous factories in that Pennsylvania city. Pittsburgh had the twin advantages of proximity to a source of cheap fuel (coal) and access to a good waterways system, which afforded an inexpensive means of distribution; thus, of the 50 glasshouses that sprang up in Pennsylvania between 1763 and 1850, 40 or more were situated

Taiwan, Imperial Chinese rule

2005-01-26T08:14:00.000-08:00

In 1683, 20 years after Cheng Ch'eng-kung's death, the island fell to the Ch'ing and became part of Fukien Province. Meanwhile, sizable migrations of refugees, Ming supporters, had increased the population to about 200,000. As migrants streamed in from southeastern China, large areas in the north were settled. T'ai-nan (then called T'ai-wan) was the capital. By 1842 the population was estimated

Peter Iii

2005-01-25T17:59:00.000-08:00

King consort of Portugal from 1777, with Queen Maria I. The younger son of John V of Portugal, he was married in July 1760 to the daughter of his elder brother, King Joseph. When she became queen as Maria I (February 1777), Peter became nominally king. He devoted himself entirely to religious practices.

Wilhelmina

2005-01-24T07:02:00.000-08:00

The daughter of King William III and his second wife, Emma of Waldeck-Pyrmont, Wilhelmina became queen on her father's death (Nov. 23, 1890) under her mother's regency. She

Biblical Literature, The prophecies of First Isaiah

2005-01-23T02:02:00.000-08:00

First Isaiah contains the words and prophecies of Isaiah, a most important 8th-century BCE prophet of Judah, written either by himself or his contemporary followers in Jerusalem (from c. 740 to 700 BCE), along with some later additions, such as chapters 24 - 27 and 33 - 39. The first of these two additions was probably written by a later disciple or disciples of Isaiah about 500 BCE; the second addition is divided

Literature, Latin America.

2005-01-22T22:17:00.000-08:00

In 2001 many works explored Latin America's past and present social and political realities as well as offering variations on the theme of love. From Mexico, writer Carlos Fuentes returned to fantastic literature and to the theme of love's difficulties in Instinto de Inez. In La piel del cielo, Elena Poniatowska,

Brentano, Lujo

2005-01-21T00:08:00.000-08:00

Brentano received his Ph.D. in economics in 1867 from the University of G�ttingen and was professor of political theory from 1871 to 1931, successively, at the Universities

Saransk

2005-01-19T10:44:00.000-08:00

City and capital of Mordvinia, in western Russia. It lies along the upper Insar River and on the western flank of the Volga River uplands. The city was founded in 1641 as a stronghold on the Saransk defensive line. It is an important route centre, with railways to Ryazan, Nizhny Novgorod, Kazan, Samara, and Penza. Industrial development was greatly stimulated in World War II,

Trachoma

2005-01-18T16:34:00.000-08:00

Chronic inflammatory disease of the eye caused by Chlamydia trachomatis, a bacterium-like microorganism that grows only within tissue cells of the infected host. The conjunctiva becomes thickened and roughened, and deformation may result. Extension of inflammation to the cornea occurs in varying degree; resultant scarring can lead to corneal opacity and blindness.

Indian Law

2005-01-17T21:57:00.000-08:00

The legal practices and institutions of India. The general history of law in India is a well-documented case of reception as well as of grafting. Foreign laws have been �received� into the Indian subcontinent - for example, in the demand by the Hindus of Goa for Portuguese civil law; and the enactment by independent India of statutes such as the Estate Duty Act (1953), the Copyright

Onsager, Lars

2005-01-16T10:10:00.000-08:00

His early work in statistical mechanics attracted the attention of the Dutch chemist Peter Debye, under whose direction Onsager studied at the Federal Institute

San Crist�bal

2005-01-15T16:52:00.000-08:00

City, capital of T�chira estado (�state�), western Venezuela. Situated in an isolated intermontane basin of the M�rida Mountains, at 2,700 feet (820 m) above sea level, the city occupies three sloping alluvial terraces overlooking the Torbes River. Founded in 1561, it retains a colonial atmosphere despite its being the largest of the cities in the so-called Andean Region of Venezuela.

Nitric Acid

2005-01-14T13:51:00.000-08:00

The preparation and use of nitric acid were known to the early alchemists. A common laboratory process used for

Franca

2005-01-13T20:48:00.000-08:00

City, in the highlands of northeastern S�o Paulo estado (�state�), Brazil. It lies at 3,314 feet (1,010 m) above sea level. Known variously as Vila Franca del Rei and Vila Franca do Imperador, it was given town status in 1824 and was made the seat of a municipality in 1856. The city has one of the largest sugar refineries in Brazil; coffee, rice, corn (maize), cotton, and feij�o (beans) are also grown locally.

Biblical Literature

2005-01-12T05:54:00.000-08:00

The Old Testament is a collection of writings that was first compiled and preserved as the sacred books of the ancient Hebrew people. As the Bible of the

Biblical Literature

2005-01-11T15:34:00.000-08:00

The Old Testament is a collection of writings that was first compiled and preserved as the sacred books of the ancient Hebrew people. As the Bible of the

Ch'i Ju-shan

2005-01-10T21:26:00.000-08:00

Born into a prosperous and well-educated family, Ch'i Ju-shan received a Classical Chinese education, also studying traditional Chinese theatre from childhood and learning European languages as a young man.

Tibet, The Dge-lugs-pa (Yellow Hat sect)

2005-01-09T23:38:00.000-08:00

For 70 peaceful years Byang-chub rgyal-mtshan (died 1364) and his two successors ruled a domain wider than that of the Sa-skya-pa. Thereafter, although the Phag-mo-gru Gong-ma (as the ruler was called) remained nominally supreme, violent dissension erupted again. In 1435 the lay princes of Rin-spungs, ministers of Gong-ma and patrons of the increasingly influential Karma-pa sect, rebelled

Croatian Peasant Party

2005-01-08T00:38:00.000-08:00

Dominant political party in Croatia during the first half of the 20th century. Founded in 1904 by Stjepan Radic (and his brother Ante Radic), it advocated home rule for a Croatia dominated by peasants on homesteads increased by redistribution of land. The party formed the almost constant opposition to the Serbian-dominated government of Yugoslavia after the foundation

Akureyri

2005-01-07T13:30:00.000-08:00

Town, northern Iceland. It lies at the southern end of Eyja Fjord. Akureyri is the chief centre of the north and is one of the island's most populous urban centres outside the Reykjav�k metropolitan area. While primarily a commercial and distributing centre, Akureyri is also a fishing port, agricultural market, and manufacturing centre for woolen goods, fish oil, shoes,

La Tr�moille, Georges De

2005-01-06T15:04:00.000-08:00

At first allied with the duke of Burgundy in the power struggle that continued for many years during Charles VI's madness, La Tr�moille switched his loyalty when the rival faction, the Armagnacs, came into power in 1413. He was a member of the pleasure-loving group that surrounded the dauphin,

Ungava-quebec Crater

2005-01-05T06:51:00.000-08:00

Formerly �Chubb Crater, � the largest crater on the Earth's surface that is definitely known to be of meteoritic origin. It is located in the northwestern part of the Ungava Peninsula, northern Quebec province, Canada. First studied in 1950, the crater is 2.1 miles (3.3 km) in diameter and 1,203 feet (367 m) deep, with a rim standing 333 feet (101 m) above ground level. Filled by a lake, it is surrounded by many smaller circular lakes.

Korea, North, Flag Of

2005-01-04T22:53:00.000-08:00

The northern part of Korea saw the establishment of a communist government following Soviet occupation of the country in 1945. The local communist leader, Kim Il-sung, was able to impose his will on the North Koreans during 46 years of rule. Not surprisingly, the flag, developed for his state, is unlike those of both communist and noncommunist countries in Asia. Its red stripe

Buddhism, Yogacara/Vij�anavada (Fa-hsiang/Hosso)

2005-01-03T05:49:00.000-08:00

The Yogacara (or Vij�anavada) school is traditionally ascribed to the brothers Asanga and Vasubandhu (5th century AD), to whom may be added Sthiramati (6th century). These writers were systematizers of doctrines already being taught and contained in such literature as the Lankavatara-sutra and the Mahayana-sraddhotpada-sastra (attributed to Asvaghosa but probably written in Central

Quinar�

2005-01-02T05:04:00.000-08:00

Region, southwestern Guinea-Bissau, West Africa, bordered by the regions of Tombali on the south and east, Bafat� on the northeast, Oio on the north, and Biombo on the northwest. Quinar� fronts the Atlantic Ocean and the region of Bolama to the southwest. It has an area of 1,139 sq mi (2,920 sq km). The Rio Grande de Buba flows east - west through the centre of the region and empties into the

China, Road networks

2005-01-01T06:20:00.000-08:00

The first modern highway in China was built in 1913 in Hunan Province. The highways of China may be divided into three categories: (1) state, provincial, or regional highways of political, economic, or military importance; (2) local highways of secondary importance, operated by counties or communes; (3) special-purpose highways, mostly managed by factories, mines, state farms, forestry

Toastmaster's Glass

2004-12-31T17:42:00.000-08:00

English glass about the size of an ordinary drinking glass but with only about one-quarter of its capacity; the glass creates the illusion of being full by means of a depression in its bowl, which in fact is almost solid. It owed its origin to the clubs of 18th-century England, where the toastmaster had to remain sober enough to carry out his office.

Earth, Deformation of the crust

2004-12-30T22:12:00.000-08:00

The Earth's crust has been subjected to widespread deformation over geologic time. This deformation results from forces applied to the rocks that make up the crust. Such forces create stresses within the rocks, and these stresses in turn produce strain, which is manifested in the form of folds, faults, and joints.

Florida, Flag Of

2004-12-29T00:11:00.000-08:00

The first flag of Florida was hoisted on June 25, 1845, at the inauguration of its first governor, William D. Moseley. It had five horizontal stripes (blue, orange, red, white, and green) and a ribbon with the inscription �Let us alone.� The U.S. flag served as a canton. The states' rights and antifederalist symbolism in the design is clear, but the associations of the colours are unknown;

Kerguelen Islands

2004-12-27T11:35:00.000-08:00

Archipelago in the southern Indian Ocean. Administratively a part of the French Southern and Antarctic Lands (Terres Australes et Antarctiques Fran�aises), it consists of the island of Kerguelen (also known as Desolation Island) and nearly 300 islets, which together cover about 2,400 square miles (6,200 square km). Heavily glaciated Kerguelen Island, about 100 miles (160 km) in length, has

Nadir Shah

2004-12-26T11:46:00.000-08:00

Nadr Qoli Beg had an obscure beginning in the Turkish Afshar tribe, which was loyal to the Safavid shahs of Iran. After serving under a local chieftain, Nadr formed and led a band of robbers, showing marked powers of leadership.

Alcal� De Henares

2004-12-25T21:43:00.000-08:00

City, Madrid provincia and comunidad aut�noma (�autonomous community�), central Spain. Known under the Romans as Complutum, the city was destroyed in 1000 and rebuilt in 1038 by the Moors, who called it Al-Qal'ah al-Nahr. It was reconquered in 1088 by Alfonso VI and granted with the surrounding lands to the archbishop of Toledo. The city contains the unique Gothic church of San Justo (built

Genecentre

2004-12-23T09:35:00.000-08:00

Also spelled �Genecenter, � any of a number of areas on the Earth from which arose important crop plants and domestic animals. As few as four of these centres of origin have probably provided the great majority of the most useful plants and animals: (1) tropical southeastern Asia - rice, chickens; (2) temperate southwestern Asia - wheat, sheep, goats, asses; (3) subtropical or temperate Mexico and Central

Italus, John

2004-12-22T02:11:00.000-08:00

Of Calabrian origin, Italus, after a period of court favour under the emperor Michael VII Ducas

Russia, Machine building

2004-12-21T08:27:00.000-08:00

Russia's machine-building industry provides most of the federation's requirements for steam boilers and turbines, electric generators, grain combines, automobiles, and electric locomotives and fills much of its demand for machine tools, instruments, and automation components. Important automobile factories are located in Moscow, Nizhny Novgorod, Miass, Yaroslavl,

Novgorod School

2004-12-20T08:01:00.000-08:00

Important school of Russian medieval icon and mural painting that flourished around the northwestern city of Novgorod from the 12th through the 16th century. A thriving merchant city, Novgorod was the cultural centre of Russia during the Mongol occupation of most of the rest of the country in the 13th and 14th centuries. During that period it preserved the Byzantine traditions

Encephalartos

2004-12-19T02:14:00.000-08:00

A genus of 20 or more species of palmlike cycads (plants of the family Cycadaceae), native to southern Africa and grown elsewhere as conservatory and house plants. The genus includes both tuberous and columnar varieties; they sometimes have spiny foliage. A breadlike food is prepared from the starchy centre of the stem of the Kaffir bread, or bread

Motion Picture, History Of The, Germany

2004-12-18T15:38:00.000-08:00

Because of its ownership of the Tobis-Klangfilm patents, the German film industry found itself in a position of relative strength in the early years of sound, and it produced several important films during that period, including Josef von Sternberg's Der blaue Engel (The Blue Angel, 1930), G.W. Pabst's two antiwar films, Westfront 1918 (1930) and Kameradschaft (1931), and his adaptation of Bertolt

Cosmos

2004-12-17T05:39:00.000-08:00

The disk flowers are red or yellow; the ray flowers, sometimes notched, may be white, pink, red, purple, or other colours. The common

Ibero-maurusian Industry

2004-12-16T00:41:00.000-08:00

Also called �Oranian Industry, � North African stone-tool industry dating from the late W�rm (last) Glacial Period, about 16,000 years ago. The former presumption that the industry extended into Spain explains the prefix �Ibero-� in the name. The industry does bear a close resemblance to the late Magdalenian culture in Spain, which is broadly contemporary (c. 15,000 BC). Subsequent study, however, suggests that the Ibero-Maurusian

Wolffish

2004-12-15T17:34:00.000-08:00

Any of nine species of large, long-bodied blennies of the family Anarhichadidae (order Perciformes), found in northern Atlantic and Pacific waters. Wolffishes are much larger than most other blennies, the largest species growing to a length of about 2.3 m (7.5 feet). Wolffishes have a large head and a long, tapered body surmounted by a single, long dorsal

Aeneas

2004-12-14T07:45:00.000-08:00

Mythical hero of Troy and Rome, son of the goddess Aphrodite and Anchises. Aeneas was a member of the royal line at Troy and cousin of Hector. He played a prominent part in the war to defend his city against the Greeks, being second only to Hector in ability. Homer implies that Aeneas did not like his subordinate position, and from that suggestion arose a later tradition

Coleraine

2004-12-13T10:07:00.000-08:00

Irish �C�il Raithin� town, seat, and district (established 1973; formerly astride Counties Antrim and Londonderry), Northern Ireland. Coleraine town is located near the mouth of the River Bann. Flint implements dating back to nearly 7000 BC have been found in the vicinity; they provide the earliest evidence of human occupation in Ireland. The main town on the east bank radiates from a central square,

Sevagram

2004-12-12T00:39:00.000-08:00

Town, eastern Maharashtra state, western India. Originally called Segaon, the village was given its present name (Hindi: Village of Service) by Mohandas Gandhi, the Indian nationalist leader. In 1936 he left his ashram (hermitage) on the Sabarmati River, near Ahmadabad, and settled at Sevagram. There he founded another ashram and directed the independence movement. Within this he

Bagirmi, Kingdom Of

2004-12-10T22:41:00.000-08:00

Bagirmi also spelled �Baguirmi,� historic African state founded in the 16th century in the region just southeast of Lake Chad. Europeans first learned about the existence of Bagirmi and the other powerful states of central Africa (Wadai Bornu-Kanem) when Dixon Denham penetrated the Lake Chad region in 1823. Details became known particularly from written records of the later explorers Heinrich Barth

Bloch, Ernst

2004-12-09T09:07:00.000-08:00

Having begun his career at the University of Leipzig (1918), Bloch fled from Nazi Germany to Switzerland (1933), then went to the United States, where he wrote the first two volumes